Genetic Algorithm for Grammar Induction and Rules Verification through a PDA Simulator

The focus of this paper is towards developing a grammatical inference system uses a genetic algorithm (GA), has a powerful global exploration capability that can exploit the optimum offspring. The implemented system runs in two phases: first, generation of grammar rules and verification and then applies the GA’s operation to optimize the rules. A pushdown automata simulator has been developed, which parse the training data over the grammar’s rules. An inverted mutation with random mask and then ‘XOR’ operator has been applied introduces diversity in the population, helps the GA not to get trapped at local optimum. Taguchi method has been incorporated to tune the parameters makes the proposed approach more robust, statistically sound and quickly convergent. The performance of the proposed system has been compared with: classical GA, random offspring GA and crowding algorithms. Overall, a grammatical inference system has been developed that employs a PDA simulator for verification

Is Parameters Quantification in Genetic Algorithm Important, How to do it?

The term “appropriate parameters” signifies the correct choice of values has considerable effect on the performance that directs the search process towards the global optima. The performance typically is measured considering both quality of the results obtained and time requires in finding them. A genetic algorithm is a search and optimization technique, whose performance largely depends on various factors – if not tuned appropriately, difficult to get global optima. This paper describes the applicability of orthogonal array and Taguchi approach in tuning the genetic algorithm parameters. The domain of inquiry is grammatical inference has a wide range of applications. The optimal conditions were obtained corresponding to performance and the quality of results with reduced cost and variability. The primary objective of conducting this study is to identify the appropriate parameter setting by which overall performance and quality of results can be enhanced. In addition, a systematic discussion presented will be helpful for researchers in conducting parameters quantification for other algorithm

MicroRNA-424/503 cluster involvement in regulation of bovine granulosa cell function and oocyte maturation

Several microRNA (miRNA) clusters are known to be differentially regulated during follicular development. Previously, it was reported that the miR-424/503 cluster was highly abundant in bovine granulosa cells (bGCs) of preovulatory dominant follicles compared to subordinate counterparts. However, the underlying mechanisms of this miRNA cluster in bGCs functions and oocyte maturation have not been investigated. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-424/503 cluster in bGCs function and oocyte maturation. Target gene validation assay using luciferase reporter showed that SMAD7 and ACVR2A are the direct targets of the miR-424/503 cluster. In line with this, while overexpression of miR- 424/503 reduced, inhibition increased the expression of SMAD7 and ACVR2A genes. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis indicated that overexpression of miR-424/503 cluster enhanced bGCs proliferation by promoting G1 to S phase cell cycle transition. Moreover, knockdown of the miR-424/503 cluster target gene using small interfering RNA also revealed similar phenotypic and molecular alterations when miR-424/503 cluster was overexpressed. Further, increased cell proliferation and downregulation of both miR-424/503 and its target gene with activin A treatment, indicated the presence of negative feedback loop between activin A and the miR-424/503 cluster. Moreover, expression of miR-424/503 was significantly higher at mature cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) (MII) compared to immature COCs (GV) in both cumulus and oocytes. Additionally, overexpression of miR-424 enhanced the expression of genes associated with cumulus cell expansion such as EGFR, PTGS2, PTX3 and MAPK1 and also increased the expression of KIT ligand gene associated with oocyte growth. In conclusion, the miR-424/503 cluster regulates bovine granulosa cell proliferation by targeting SMAD7 via activin signalling pathway and enhances the candidate gene expression involved in cumulus cell expansion and oocyte maturation.Die Beteiligung des microRNA-424/503-Clusters an der Regulation der Rinder- Granulosazellenfunktion und der Oozytenreifung Es ist bekannt, dass mehrere microRNA (miRNA) Cluster während der follikulären Entwicklung unterschiedlich reguliert sind. In vorherigen Studien wurde bereits berichtet, dass die Expression des miR-424/503-Clusters in Rinder-Granulosazellen (bGCs) von präovulatorischen dominanten Follikeln im Vergleich zu subordinanten Follikeln verstärkt auftritt. Die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen dieses miRNA-Clusters in bGCs-Funktionen und Oozytenreifung wurden jedoch noch nicht betrachtet. Daher wollten wir in dieser Studie die Funktion des miR-424/503-Clusters in bGCs und der Eizellreifung untersuchen. Ein Target-Gen-Validierungsassay unter Verwendung des Luciferase-Reporter Systems zeigte, dass SMAD7 und ACVR2A die direkten Zielgene des miR-424/503-Clusters sind. In Übereinstimmung damit, während die Überexpression von miR-424/503 reduziert wurde, erhöhte die Inhibierung die Expression der Gene SMAD7 und ACVR2A. Darüber hinaus zeigte die Durchflusszytometrieanalyse, dass die Überexpression des miR-424/503-Clusters die bGCs-Proliferation durch die Stimulierung des G1-zu-S-Phasen-Zellzyklusübergangs verstärkt. Weiterhin ergab die Ausschaltung des miR-424/503-Clusters Zielgene mit siRNA ähnliche phänotypische und molekulare Veränderungen, wie während einer Überexpression des miR-424/503-Clusters. Eine erhöhte Zellproliferation und eine Herunterregulation sowohl von miR-424/503 als auch seiner Zielgene nach Activin A-Behandlung impliziert das Vorhandensein einer negativen Rückkopplungsschleife zwischen Activin A und dem miR- 424/503-Cluster. Darüber hinaus war die Expression von miR-424/503 in reifen Kumulus- Oozyten-Komplexen (COCs) (MII) signifikant höher als in unreifen COCs (GV) sowohl in den Kumuluszellen als auch in den Oozyten. Zusätzlich verstärkte die Überexpression von miR-424 die Expression von Genen, die mit der Kumulus-Expansion assoziiert sind, wie z.B. EGFR, PTGS2, PTX3 und MAPK1 und erhöhte auch die Expression des KIT-Ligandengens, das mit dem Oozytenwachstum assoziiert ist. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass der miR-424/503-Cluster die Rinder-Granulosazellproliferation reguliert, indem er SMAD7 über den Activin-Signalweg aktiviert und die Expression von Kandidatengenen für die Kumuluszell-Expansion und Oozytenreifung erhöht

A Semantic Collaboration Method Based on Uniform Knowledge Graph

The Semantic Internet of Things is the extension of the Internet of Things and the Semantic Web, which aims to build an interoperable collaborative system to solve the heterogeneous problems in the Internet of Things. However, the Semantic Internet of Things has the characteristics of both the Internet of Things and the Semantic Web environment, and the corresponding semantic data presents many new data features. In this study, we analyze the characteristics of semantic data and propose the concept of a uniform knowledge graph, allowing us to be applied to the environment of the Semantic Internet of Things better. Here, we design a semantic collaboration method based on a uniform knowledge graph. It can take the uniform knowledge graph as the form of knowledge organization and representation, and provide a useful data basis for semantic collaboration by constructing semantic links to complete semantic relation between different data sets, to achieve the semantic collaboration in the Semantic Internet of Things. Our experiments show that the proposed method can analyze and understand the semantics of user requirements better and provide more satisfactory outcomes